# Purple-Stem Cliffbrake (*pellaea atropurpurea*) The Purple-Stem Cliffbrake (Pellaea atropurpurea) is an enchanting, resilient fern native to North America. Characterized by its contrasting dark purple-to-black stems and leathery gray-green fronds, this hardy perennial thrives in harsh, rocky environments where few other plants can survive. It is typically found clinging to limestone cliffs, calcareous ledges, and crumbling masonry. Unlike many moisture-loving ferns, the Purple-Stem Cliffbrake has adapted to arid microclimates, making it a true survivor of sun-baked rock faces. In addition to its striking aesthetic, this fern exhibits fascinating reproductive strategies. It is apogamous, meaning it can produce new sporophytes without the need for water-assisted fertilization. This remarkable evolutionary adaptation allows it to colonize dry vertical cliffs where standing water is rare, solidifying its place as a botanical marvel of the rocky wilderness. - **Category:** [Plants](https://www.snappit.app/explore/categories/plant) - **Rarity:** Common - **Danger:** 1/5 · Very low - **Snaps:** 1 - **Habitat:** Typically found clinging to dry limestone cliffs, calcareous ledges, stony slopes, and old mortar walls. ![Purple-Stem Cliffbrake](https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/75149066/medium.jpg) Photo: no rights reserved, CC0 · [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/75149066) ## Appearance This medium-sized fern grows in tufts, typically reaching heights of 10 to 50 cm. Its most distinguishing feature is its stiff, wiry, dark purple-brown to black stems (stipes and rachises) which are covered in fine, light-colored hairs. The fronds are once- or twice-pinnate, bearing leathery, lance-shaped pinnules that are a distinctive pale blue-green or gray-green color. The margins of the fertile pinnules are rolled inward (revolute), partially concealing the spore-producing sori underneath. ## Taxonomy - **Kingdom:** Plantae - **Phylum:** Tracheophyta - **Class:** Polypodiopsida - **Order:** Polypodiales - **Family:** Pteridaceae - **Genus:** Pellaea ## Interesting facts - Because it relies on apogamy to reproduce, offspring are genetic clones of the parent plant, allowing it to bypass the need for free-standing water during reproduction. - Its scientific name 'atropurpurea' translates to 'dark purple', highlighting the beautiful, deep color of its wiry stems. - The common name 'Cliffbrake' refers to the fern's habit of growing on cliffs combined with the Middle English word 'brake', which means fern. ## Special abilities - **Apogamous Reproduction:** It can produce clones from its gametophyte stage without requiring water for fertilization, a critical adaptation for dry cliff faces. - **Drought-Resistant Fronds:** The leathery texture and waxy coating of its blue-green pinnules help prevent water loss during periods of intense sun and drought. - **Chasmophytic Anchoring:** Its fibrous root system can penetrate microscopic cracks in alkaline rocks, securing the plant against strong winds and absorbing scarce moisture. ## Measurements & details - **Length:** 10-50 cm - **Lifespan:** 5-20 years ## Diet & Feeding Like most plants, the Purple-Stem Cliffbrake produces its own food through photosynthesis, utilizing sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and essential soil minerals. - **Primary Foods:** Sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide, Limestone Minerals ## Ecological connections - **Competitor:** [Black-stemmed Spleenwort](https://www.snappit.app/explore/black-stemmed-spleenwort) (*Asplenium resiliens*) — Often shares the exact same alkaline, calcareous rock crevice microhabitat, occasionally competing for space. - **Eaten by:** [White-tailed Deer](https://www.snappit.app/explore/white-tailed-deer) (*Odocoileus virginianus*) — Occasionally browses the foliage, although the tough, leathery fronds make it a minor food source. - **Mutualism:** Flamed Tigersnail (*Anguispira alternata*) — Co-occurs in limestone crevices where the snail grazes on micro-algae and detritus around the fern's roots, helping keep the microhabitat clean. ## Safety **Danger:** 1/5 · Very low No special safety notes yet. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### How to identify Purple-Stem Cliffbrake? Compare frond shape, how the leaflets are arranged, the stalk, and any spore clusters you can see. A single detached leaflet often hides the plant's overall growth pattern. Fern Identifier: upload a photo and compare the visible details. ### How long is Purple-Stem Cliffbrake? 10-50 cm ### How long does Purple-Stem Cliffbrake live? 5-20 years ### What does Purple-Stem Cliffbrake eat? Like most plants, the Purple-Stem Cliffbrake produces its own food through photosynthesis, utilizing sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and essential soil minerals. ### Where is Purple-Stem Cliffbrake usually found? Typically found clinging to dry limestone cliffs, calcareous ledges, stony slopes, and old mortar walls. ## Where to spot - [Shepherdstown Historic District](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/shepherdstown-historic-district) — West Virginia, US · Historic District - [Eureka Springs Historic District](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/eureka-springs-historic-district) — Arkansas, US · Historic District - [Nickajack Cave](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/nickajack-cave) — Tennessee, US · Nature Reserve - [Rockwoods Reservation](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/rockwoods-reservation) — Missouri, US · Nature Reserve - [Untermyer Park](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/untermyer-park) — New York, US · Botanical Garden [View all places to see Purple-Stem Cliffbrake](https://www.snappit.app/guides/where-to-see/purple-stem-cliffbrake) ## More Plants - [white snakeroot](https://www.snappit.app/explore/white-snakeroot) (*Ageratina altissima*) - [tree-of-heaven](https://www.snappit.app/explore/tree-of-heaven) (*Ailanthus altissima*) - [western sword fern](https://www.snappit.app/explore/western-sword-fern) (*Polystichum munitum*) - [common milkweed](https://www.snappit.app/explore/common-milkweed) (*Asclepias syriaca*) --- Source: [Purple-Stem Cliffbrake: Facts & Places to See — Snappit](https://www.snappit.app/explore/purple-stem-cliffbrake)