# Purple-Stemmed Angelica (*angelica atropurpurea*) Purple-Stemmed Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea) is a magnificent, robust perennial or biennial wildflower native to the wetlands of eastern and central North America. Towering over surrounding vegetation, this impressive member of the parsley family is celebrated for its structural beauty and ecological importance. It serves as an essential nectar source for numerous native pollinators and holds a historic place in traditional herbal remedies. Known for its distinct, celery-like fragrance and striking dark-purple stalks, this plant flourishes in habitats where many others would drown, making it a true champion of wet woodlands and open fens. Its dramatic form, featuring giant, spherical flower heads, makes it a highly sought-after sight for plant enthusiasts and nature spotters alike. - **Category:** [Plants](https://www.snappit.app/explore/categories/plant) - **Rarity:** Common - **Danger:** 1/5 · Very low - **Snaps:** 7 - **Habitat:** Found in wet meadows, fens, marshes, swamps, and along riverbanks with rich, saturated, organic soils. ![Purple-Stemmed Angelica](https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/3917485/medium.JPG) Photo: aarongunnar, CC BY 4.0 · [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/3917485) ## Appearance This plant is easily identified by its extremely thick, smooth, completely hairless, hollow stems that range from deep purple to dark violet. It typically grows between 100 to 250 centimeters tall. The leaves are large, compound, and divided into numerous oval leaflets with finely toothed edges. The bases of the leaf stems clasp the main purple stem in a broad, inflated sheath. At the top of the stalks, it produces large, globe-shaped umbels measuring 10 to 20 centimeters across, packed with dozens of tiny, greenish-white to pale yellow flowers that bloom in early summer. ## Taxonomy - **Kingdom:** Plantae - **Phylum:** Tracheophyta - **Class:** Magnoliopsida - **Order:** Apiales - **Family:** Apiaceae - **Genus:** Angelica ## Interesting facts - Native American tribes historically used the sweet, licorice-scented roots of this plant to make a therapeutic tea, and early colonists candied the young stalks as confections. - The genus name Angelica is derived from the Latin word for angel, referencing a legend that an angel revealed the plant's medicinal properties as a cure for the plague. - Unlike the highly toxic Water Hemlock which has spotted stems and air chambers inside, Purple-Stemmed Angelica has a solid stem at the nodes and is entirely smooth. ## Special abilities - **Hollow Stem Architecture:** The thick, hollow stem provides structural strength to grow taller than competing vegetation while keeping the plant lightweight and flexible in wind. - **Chemical Deterrent Matrix:** Produces furanocoumarins and other essential oils in its tissues to defend against generalist insect herbivores and fungal pathogens. - **Buoyant Seed Design:** Produces corky, winged seeds that float easily on water currents, facilitating upstream and downstream colonization along riverbanks and floodplains. ## Measurements & details - **Length:** 100-250 cm - **Lifespan:** 2-5 years ## Diet & Feeding As a photosynthetic autotroph, it produces its own energy using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water while absorbing key mineral nutrients from saturated marsh soils. - **Primary Foods:** Sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide, Soil Minerals - **Foraging Method:** Photosynthesis ## Ecological connections - **Host plant:** [Black Swallowtail](https://www.snappit.app/explore/black-swallowtail) (*Papilio polyxenes*) — The caterpillar stage of this butterfly feeds on the leaves as an obligate host plant. - **Mutualism:** Eastern Honey Bee (*Apis mellifera*) — Bees visit the massive spherical umbels to gather nectar and pollen, aiding in pollination. - **Eaten by:** [White-tailed Deer](https://www.snappit.app/explore/white-tailed-deer) (*Odocoileus virginianus*) — Browses the tender young foliage of the plant in early spring before chemical defenses fully concentrate. ## Safety **Danger:** 1/5 · Very low No special safety notes yet. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### How to identify Purple-Stemmed Angelica? Start with the whole plant, then compare leaf arrangement, leaf edges, stems and any flowers or fruit. Opposite leaves grow in pairs; alternate leaves come one at a time along the stem. These details tell you far more together than a single green leaf does. Plant Identifier: upload a photo and compare the visible details. ### How long is Purple-Stemmed Angelica? 100-250 cm ### How long does Purple-Stemmed Angelica live? 2-5 years ### What does Purple-Stemmed Angelica eat? As a photosynthetic autotroph, it produces its own energy using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water while absorbing key mineral nutrients from saturated marsh soils. ### Where is Purple-Stemmed Angelica usually found? Found in wet meadows, fens, marshes, swamps, and along riverbanks with rich, saturated, organic soils. ### How does Purple-Stemmed Angelica hunt? Photosynthesis ## Where to spot - [Bartholomew's Cobble](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/bartholomews-cobble) — Massachusetts, US · Nature Reserve - [Boerner Botanical Gardens](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/boerner-botanical-gardens) — Wisconsin, US · Botanical Garden - [Field Farm](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/field-farm) — Massachusetts, US · Nature Reserve - [Virginville](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/virginville) — Pennsylvania, US · Neighborhood - [Crystal Cave](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/crystal-cave) — Pennsylvania, US · Natural Landmark - [Parfrey's Glen State Natural Area](https://www.snappit.app/guides/places/parfreys-glen-state-natural-area) — Wisconsin, US · State Park [View all places to see Purple-Stemmed Angelica](https://www.snappit.app/guides/where-to-see/purple-stemmed-angelica) ## More Plants - [white snakeroot](https://www.snappit.app/explore/white-snakeroot) (*Ageratina altissima*) - [tree-of-heaven](https://www.snappit.app/explore/tree-of-heaven) (*Ailanthus altissima*) - [western sword fern](https://www.snappit.app/explore/western-sword-fern) (*Polystichum munitum*) - [common milkweed](https://www.snappit.app/explore/common-milkweed) (*Asclepias syriaca*) --- Source: [Purple-Stemmed Angelica: Facts & Places to See — Snappit](https://www.snappit.app/explore/purple-stemmed-angelica)