Ferruginous Hawk

buteo regalis

The Ferruginous Hawk is the largest of North America's Buteos, radiating power and elegance across the open prairies and scrublands of the West. Named for its rust-colored plumage, this spectacular raptor is a master of the grasslands, often seen soaring high above or patiently perched on fence posts. Unlike many other hawks, its legs are completely feathered down to the toes—an adaptation that helps insulate it against chilling winds and potentially protects it from bites during struggles with prey.

Habitat: Found in wide-open country, including dry grasslands, shrub-steppes, deserts, and agricultural fields of western North America.

Appearance

This large, broad-winged raptor features a classic light-morph look with a pale head, pristine white underparts, and rich, rust-brown shoulders and back. In flight, their wings exhibit brilliant white patches on the upper surface and a distinct, dark V formed by their feathered legs. Some individuals display a dramatic dark morph, covered in deep chocolate and rufous tones, but all retain the signature wide, yellow gape that stretches back to the eyes.

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Ferruginous Hawk

Interesting facts

During nesting season, they may build massive nests up to 3 feet across and 3 feet deep, sometimes incorporating unusual objects like plastic, barbed wire, and bones.

It is the largest hawk in North America, often mistaken for an eagle due to its massive size and soaring style.

Unlike most other hawks, its legs are completely covered in feathers all the way to its yellow feet, a trait shared with only two other North American raptors: the Rough-legged Hawk and the Golden Eagle.

Special abilities

Legs are fully feathered down to the toes, providing insulation and protection during encounters with struggling prey.

Possesses an unusually wide, bright yellow mouth gape that helps it dissipate heat efficiently in sun-baked, treeless environments.

Capable of hovering in place low to the ground using wind currents, allowing it to scan the grass for hidden rodents without a high perch.

Measurements & details

Length: 51-69 cm
Wingspan: 133-152 cm
Weight: 1-2.1 kg
Lifespan: 10-20 years
Top Speed: 65 km/h
Clutch Size: 2+
Incubation: 32-33 days
Migration Distance: 1500 km

Diet & Feeding

Feeds primarily on medium-sized rodents and lagomorphs, adjusting its hunting strategy depending on prey density.

Primary Foods

Gunnison's Prairie Dog
Black-tailed Jackrabbit
Pocket Gophers
Meadow Voles

Foraging Method

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