Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area photo
ParkIndiana, US

Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area

Explore the world's largest exposed Devonian fossil beds, 390 million years in the making.

About

Explore the world's largest exposed Devonian fossil beds, 390 million years in the making. The Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area, located in Clarksville, Indiana, on the banks of the Ohio River, offers a truly unparalleled journey through geological time and natural beauty. This 1,404-acre bi-state area preserves a prehistoric coral reef and significant natural habitats, offering stunning panoramic river views and a rich tapestry of both ancient and human history.

At the heart of the experience is the state-of-the-art Interpretive Center, which brings the story of the Falls to life through 3,000 square feet of interactive and immersive exhibits. Visitors can delve into the "Ancient Sea," discovering the diverse creatures like horn corals and crinoids that once thrived here, or explore "A Changing Land" to understand glacial impacts and early human history. The center also features a "Wildlife Observation Room" where various bird species, including the iconic Great Blue Heron, can be seen year-round. Outside, wander the Woodland Loop Trail, offering glimpses of native plants and potential sightings of diverse birdlife, from wading birds to majestic bald eagles and peregrine falcons.

A visit to the Falls of the Ohio is an unforgettable blend of education, outdoor exploration, and historical reflection. Whether you're marveling at the ancient fossil beds, observing diverse wildlife in their natural habitat, or tracing the footsteps of pioneers like George Rogers Clark and Lewis and Clark, the area provides a unique connection to millions of years of Earth's history and the vibrant ecosystems of today. Don't forget to bring the Snappit nature identification app along to scan local species.

buffs (Lewis & Clark, George Rogers Clark)

What to do here

Hike directly on the fossil beds when river levels permit, examining the ancient marine life.

* Explore the interactive exhibits and watch the orientation film in the Interpretive Center.

* Go birdwatching for numerous species, including bald eagles, peregrine falcons, and various waterfowl and shorebirds.

* Walk the Woodland Loop Trail or bike/walk a section of the Ohio River Greenway.

* Learn about the historical significance of George Rogers Clark and the Lewis & Clark Expedition.

Seasonal info

Summer/Early Fall (August-October): Best for fossil bed access due to lower river levels. Wet rocks enhance fossil visibility.

Winter (November-February): Ideal for observing overwintering waterfowl and gulls on the river.

Spring/Fall (Migration seasons): Excellent for migratory bird species like warblers and other passerines in the woodland areas.

Accessibility

The Interpretive Center is ADA accessible, offering audio descriptive iPods and a wheelchair for visitors with limited mobility. A free Axis Track Chair is available for exploring accessible outdoor areas, including the paved path to the overlook, outdoor classroom, gazebo, and Lewis & Clark statue. The Woodland Loop Trail is generally level with minor inclines.

Don't miss

1

Devonian Fossil Beds

The expansive, 390-million-year-old exposed coral reef, best seen when river levels are low.

2

Interpretive Center

Features immersive exhibits like "Ancient Sea," "A Changing Land," "Converging Cultures," and "The Falls Today," detailing the area's geology, natural history, and human stories.

3

Wildlife Observation Room

An indoor room designed for viewing local birdlife and other creatures in an outdoor habitat.

4

Woodland Loop Trail

A half-mile trail passing through diverse woodland habitats.

Wildlife you might spot

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Good to know before you go

Check River Levels

Before visiting, especially if you plan to explore the fossil beds, check the current Ohio River levels. Low water is crucial for optimal fossil viewing.

Wear Appropriate Footwear

The fossil beds can be uneven, muddy, and slippery, so sturdy, waterproof shoes with good grip are highly recommended.

Bring a Spray Bottle

If the fossil beds are dry, misting the rocks with water from a spray bottle can make the intricate fossil details stand out more clearly for viewing and photography.

Visit the Interpretive Center First

Start your visit at the Interpretive Center to gain context about the geological and historical significance of the area, which will enhance your outdoor exploration.

Stay on Designated Paths & Observe Rules: While exploring the fossil beds, remember not to remove any fossils from the site (unless from designated collection piles). Keep pets on a leash.

Consider a Naturalist-Led Hike

The park often offers guided tours that provide expert insight into the fossils, geology, and history of the Falls. Check their event schedule.

Frequently asked questions

No, fossil collecting is prohibited directly from the fossil beds and riverbank to preserve this unique National Natural Landmark. However, visitors can take home fossils from designated collection piles located near the parking lot behind the Interpretive Center, which contain rocks and fossils from local quarries.
The best time to view the extensive Devonian fossil beds is during late summer and early fall, typically from August to October, when the Ohio River levels are historically at their lowest. Low water exposes the largest areas of the 390-million-year-old coral reef, allowing for optimal exploration.
The Falls of the Ohio is a prime birdwatching destination, with over 270 species recorded, including resident and migratory birds like bald eagles, peregrine falcons, ospreys, great blue herons, various egrets (e.g., Black-crowned Night-herons, Little Blue Herons), and a wide array of waterfowl and shorebirds. The Interpretive Center's Wildlife Observation Room provides a unique indoor viewing experience.

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